In the former West Germany members of the Communist Party were banned from a variety of state jobs. The idea was that if you thought the DDR was great then you could clear off there.Now let’s turn the proposition on its head. Should doing some jobs make you ineligible to be a member of a revolutionary Marxist organisation which wants to overthrow the bourgeois state?

It’s not a hypothetical question. Prison Officers Association (POA) general secretary Brian Caton has joined the Socialist Party. Understandably enough the interview with him shines a bright light on his opposition to privatisation of the penal system, the expulsion of BNP members from the union, his socialism, the impossibility of any real rehabilitation in the current system and his disdain for new Labour and Cameron. Anyone who has heard him speak cannot doubt the sincerity of these convictions.

Now I can perfectly agree with comrade Caton that the job you do does not necessarily colour your politics. Not all prison officers are right wing. We can reasonably speculate that the SAS and Special Branch are probably full of people who subscribe to New Internationalist and are planning career changes into social work or charities supporting asylum seekers. It’s even easier to understand how in a strongly unionised trade the pull of social democracy will have led many POA members to join the Labour Party. Labour’s critique of the British state’s repressive machinery always struck me as a bit underdeveloped and joining the party would not have been much of an ideological rupture for many prison officers. In his interview comrade Caton says that he was awarded not one, not two but three gold brooches to acknowledge his success as a Labour recruiter. I would bend the stick to the extent of saying that if a senior union official wanted to join Respect, the Campaign for a New Workers’ Party or whatever emerges from the swamp in the next few months that the job should not be an obstacle.

Things become a bit murkier when a prison officer wants to join one of the many organisations that sees itself as the only real successor of Lenin’s Bolsheviks. Some jobs are just politically unacceptable for members of a Marxist organisation. Bailiffs, cops in armed response units, the sort of News of the World journalist who runs scams to get migrant workers arrested and deported – in the right circumstance the people earning their living in this way might be pretty good union militants but the job that they they do is so directly oppressive and anti-working class that it should preclude them from being in a Marxist organisation. The contradiction between the politics and the personal is as insurmountable for them as it is for jailers, even ones in unions.

32 responses to “What about the workers (in uniform)?”

  1. As you’ve mentioned the Bolsheviks… didn’t Lenin have high ranking police officers as supporters who offered him concrete aid? I don’t know if he / they had a problem with it so if their successors want to accept cops and prison officers – why not?

    Might be quite handy at times I’d have thought.

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  2. You make some good points there Liam. The same debate cropped up in Australia over the same issue of prison privatisation.:Prison Privatisation and Marxism .

    I agree with the way you have resolved the complication — with a tentative ruling.

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  3. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    After the Bolshevik Revolution, ex-cops had a rather low life expectancy. It wasn’t so much a case of the Cheka killing them, though that happened too. Quite often, there were revenge killings by revolutionaries of the policemen who had arrested them in Tsarist times.
    One photo of Petrograd just after the Revolution shows Bolsheviks with rifles surrounding a man in civilian clothes described as a “pharaoh” – a slang term for a cop. His subsequent fate is not revealed but he does not look too happy.

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  4. one of the few political controversies, where I tend to side with the Sparts, … somebody who voluntarily joins an institution of the bourgeois state whose purpose is repression has to make a choice with whom she/he will side

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  5. We can reasonably speculate that the SAS and Special Branch are probably full of people who subscribe to New Internationalist and are planning career changes into social work or charities supporting asylum seekers.

    Not as far-fetched as it sounds – I once met a guy who’d left the British Army to become a social worker. He was a very scary guy, mind you. (Cue libertarian line about soft cops enforcing repressively tolerant welfare regime…)

    I think you’re confusing class and organisational issues, actually. In conditions of heightened class struggle, the position of a class-conscious militant like Caton would be very difficult and contradictory irrespective of what party he was a member of. In current conditions, I don’t think it matters very much who’s a member of what.

    It’s partly a question of degree – I guess there is a point on the rising slope of the wave where organised revolutionaries in contradictory positions start to feel the heat before the rest of us. But I don’t think we’re there yet.

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  6. While one can imagine a rank and file screw joining a socialist group (just as in the army some don’t know what they are getting into), I find find it hard to see how a screw (and someone as prominent as Caton) can be in a socialist organisation, especially as in the interview he says NOTHING about prisoners rights and prisoners right to self-organisation (prisoners are denied the right to form a union/association and speak for themselves) solidarity with prisoner uprisings against mistreatment a la Strangeways and HMP Ashwell earlier in the year, doesn’t mention prison reform very much let alone abolition

    Caton obviously is prepared to support militant action by prison officers, but what about when prisoners rise up? Or organise?

    When prisoners took militant action against justified grievances and wrecked a large swathe of HMP Ashwell, did Caton defend the prisoners?

    Did he speak out against the standard process where the ringleaders are penalised and impuned and shipped off to other prisons and given tough additions to their sentences?

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  7. Gah, what a dilemma.

    The only profession I recall being absolutely anathema in a member organisation of the Third international, whose statutes we all supposedly respect, was priesthood. A religious believer might be welcomed as a Communist, but a minister of religion would not be.

    I do recall that several senior staff of the Okhrana were secret Bolsheviks, but they were certainly not known as such except to the CC and maybe Lenin himself.

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  8. OTOH I suppose the SP is not a “Communist” formation which would have been welcome in the International anyway, or is it?

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  9. Liam, I find your piece very ultra left. My younger cousin joined the army as a working class kid with few qualifications his options were very limited. thousands of working class lads do the same, they are not the ones to blame for the rotten system that sends them to die in the killing fields of Afghanistan, they are in fact the victims. I would have abolsolutely nothing against them joining a socialist organisation, in fact when the revolution comes we are going to need people with combat experience, as the Bolsheviks themselves did. Similarly there will be prisons and prisoners following the revolution, or are you so naive that you think it will be love and peace all round? If Caton is genuine (and there is nothing to suggest otherswise as you admit in your piece) then welcome to him and I wish him and the officers he represents all the best, they are workers too.

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  10. When I was in Militant, many many years ago, I recall a meeting in Barking where I looked after a stall with our newest recruit, a young police woman. But then we both must have made an odd pair, for a “revolutionary” Marxist organisation, since I was at that time still a practicing Catholic .

    I’d have no problem with him joining if they worked with him to develop a programme for and widely propagandise and agitate for an alternative criminal justice system based on workers’ control, and exposing the anti-working class nature of the repressive state machine, and campaigned rigourously against the detention of asylum seekers.

    I was at UCU conference earlier last year and got chatting to a adult education tutor who works with prisoners. According to him many of the prison officers where he is come from mining families with a long history of class struggle. Its these workers that have the power the to stop the privatisation of prisons, along with probation officers and others that work in the criminal justice system. If i was a prisoner I’d prefer to have prisoner officers with a sense of class solidarity, and hopefully some empathy with prisoners and an understanding of the causes of crime, rather than ununionised, declassed racist thugs that the private companies who run detention centres use.

    I do recall from the recent biography of Mandel, that he fraternised with his prison guards during the war, seeing them as potential brothers in arms rather than only jailers. The analogy doesn’t quite work I know, but prison guards aren’t the same as the police. Prisoners and guards are obliged to establish long term relationships, and having a strong unionised prison service can prevent prisoner abuse.

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  11. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    According to “Out of the Night” by Jan Valtin (not an impeachable historical source) a few KPD supporters had managed to get into the police force in Germany before the Nazi takeover. If possible, they destroyed or scrambled the political police files before disappearing. The effect of such attempts at disruption seems to have been marginal, however. There were probably more SPD than KPD supporters in the German police, but by and large, the force made a seamless transition to supporting the Nazis, and indeed SA men were enrolled as auxiliary police to hunt down KPD members in 1933, together with the police themselves.

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  12. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    I meant to say “not an unimpeachable historical source”. Valtin admitted that he changed some facts around so it would read better, in a novelistic way.

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  13. 21stcenturymanifesto Avatar
    21stcenturymanifesto

    Could the central committee of the Portuguese Communist Party have escaped from the fascist prison fortress of Peniche in 1960 without the aid of prison officers?

    Nick Wright

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  14. Don’t know. Could they?

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  15. I don’t see prison officers as being fundamentally different to social workers and teachers, who are also capable of being repressive agents of the state to a degree.

    And as for trade union bureaucrats being members of marxist organisations, was not Bala Tampoe the full time General Secretary of a trade union in Sri Lanka a member of leading bodies of the Fourth International for many years?

    I think you are being a bit leftist here Liam, though right to warn of the dangers.

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  16. The IRA managed to bust 38 of its prisoners out of Long Kesh at a time when its policy was to kill prison officers which is something of a contrast to the Portuguese experience.

    As for prison officers being similar to social workers and teachers it’s not a persuasive comparison in any but the most abstract sense..

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  17. I think I’d be somewhat between Tina and Liam.

    I agree with Liam that prison guards are not just workers in uniform and that members of socialist organisations should not – as general rule- get jobs as prison guards.

    However, unionisation of prison officers should be encouraged and progressive demands made on them such as expulsion of racists, the release of all political prisoners, asylum seekers and the vast majority of others in for nonviolent crimes, much better conditions for prisoners and a workers’ enquiry into the whole prison system.

    If the head of the POA joins then this could indeed be used in a way that Tina suggests but it must accompany a public demand for and action on such matters- not merely moving towards them. If it is moving towards them then of course one should co-opereate and encourage such an allianace butmake it clear that as socialists we are for the abolition of the prison system in its current form.

    Here’s something I wrote for the PR website last year on the prison officers’ strike
    http://www.permanentrevolution.net/entry/1619

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  18. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    According to Julius Fucik’s “Report from the gallows”, he was able to smuggle his manuscripts out of Pankrac Prison because one of the SS guards, a Czech who had had himself registered as an ethnic German so he could guard prisoners, offered to do so.

    Some Czechs and Poles claimed German ethnicity so they could infiltrate the prison service or other parts of the Nazi state on behalf of the Resistance. There were drawbacks – those who did that could be called up into the German armed forces and sent to fight, since they were officially treated as Germans, and after the war they risked being treated as collaborators, as they could not always prove that they had helped the Resistance.

    On the more general issue, I don’t think there’s an easy answer. Sometimes people like that are useful as prison officers etc., but it is still a suspect job from a socialist point of view.

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  19. Prinkipo Exile is a bit misleading about Bala Tampoe. For from being a bureaucrat, he was a leader of the CMU and of the FI at a time when the CMU was under the leadership of Trotskyists and took an exceptionally militant line. There is no contradiction between being a Marxist and offering leadership in working class organisations.

    Of course Liam addresses rather a different point: not whether a trade union leader can be a Trotsky, but about the class position developed through the lived social reality of prison officers.

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  20. Duncan – I don’t have a problem with Bala Tampoe having been both a national trade union leader and a leader of the FI – but I think there is a clear difference between an elected lay official on a national executive, and a full time functionary who has the role of running the machinery of the union under capitalism. I had understood that Bala Tampoe was the General Secretary of CMU and therefore the latter. You may think that the fact that the union was under trotskyist leadership means that this is not a bureaucratic position but the danger of bureaucratism still existed. My view is that I would rather that such people, whether Brian Caton of the POA or Bala Tampoe of the CMU, were in revolutionary organisations than not, but the fight against bureaucratism is ever present.

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  21. I think the issue here is the distinction between being a full-time official and being a bureaucrat. Bureaucracy is a process which politically expropriates the members. Just because unions have officials then does no mean they have a Bonapartist elite.

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  22. But it does mean they have bureaucrats.

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  23. I find the very fact that the leading official representing Prison Officers was prepared to join a Trot organisation, and what that tells us about politics today, much more interesting then debates between revolutionaries about how to properly relate to Prison Officers or on the other hand trade union bureacrats. But perhaps thats just me…Its a bit of a shocker when you think of it.

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  24. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    Would prison officers be willing to join militant organisations dedicated to the overthrow of capitalism? Does the organisation/organisations in question actually fit that description? I don’t think a senior prison guard’s willingness to join an organisation is necessarily flattering to that organisation.

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  25. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    Also, the British left – Trot or not – has little or no political prisoner tradition. So a prison guard with socialist leanings isn’t going to be confronted with the dilemma of being expected to help one of his “charges” over the wall. Whether, again, this is flattering to the British left is a moot point.

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  26. The POA is not a workers’ organisation – they represent the personnel of a vital arm of state repression and have no place in the trade union movement let alone any kind of socialist organisation.

    Recognising the dividing line between the workers’ movement and the capitalist state’s repressive apparatus is fairly basic Marxism I would have thought.

    http://www.bolshevik.org/1917/no30/no30-Screws_out_PCS.html

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  27. Tina said ‘I’d have no problem with him joining if they worked with him to develop a programme for and widely propagandise and agitate for an alternative criminal justice system based on workers’ control, and exposing the anti-working class nature of the repressive state machine, and campaigned rigourously against the detention of asylum seekers.’

    This is exactly the kind of wishful thinking which clouds the issue. The POA does not and is not about to adopt such a programme. It’s drive is and always has been, straight economism – better conditions and more money for its members. The easiest way to campaign for this is to demonise and attack prisoners at every turn. Caton is completely in this tradition and no amount of ‘ifs’ are gonna change that.

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  28. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    Perhaps the prison officer in question does not take revolutionary claims seriously, and sees Trot organisations as working within the system for moderate reforms, despite the radical rhetoric. Like the pre-WW1 SPD, the calls for revolution lack substance. Hence he can join one without feeling he is in conflict with the system.

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  29. Mark V. – you might have got that pretty much spot on with regard to the Socialist Party.

    Though that isn’t what all us self-describing “Trots” are about…

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  30. Mark Victorystooge Avatar
    Mark Victorystooge

    Fair enough. The Sparts, the IBT and perhaps WP are exceptions to the rather lamentable pattern of loving “workers in uniform”, though all are smaller than the SP.

    I am inclined to think, more generally, that the “far left” is itself being pulled to the right, and a prison officer thinking it worth joining is a symptom of this trend, but it is at least imprecise to say this applies to all Trotskyist organisations.

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  31. Well Liam, afraid that even though your earlier posts on your blog to the effect that RCG/FRFI are a bunch of anti-Semites who sell bootleg DVDs and that ‘If your politics are half sensible it’s easy to go for years without having any dealings with them. I have…’ we have to come in on this one, as the topic of the POA is an important one for us. It isn’t just the Trotskyist left that is caught up in this pro-screw sycophantism – Morning Star, Galloway et al are just as bad.

    I won’t go on at length as these links say pretty much all of it but the main points I think that need to be clear are 1) that Caton is a skilled politician and therefore will speak like a socialist to socialists and a screw to screws 2) the POA has NEVER sided with prisoners struggles – any talk of how it might make this or that progressive demand is just hot air.

    http://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/frfipages/199/FRFI_199_pri.html

    http://www.revolutionarycommunist.org/frfipages/207/FRFI_207_pr1.html

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  32. Nicki – I’ll put my hand up to the dodgy DVD claim because I saw it but I’ve no recollection of describing FRFI as anti-semitic. Are you confusing me with a chap called Jim?

    And I’ll stand by the ultra left thing too.

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